PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.